Drive Safely Work Week™ 2016

Drowsy driving and other important risky driving behaviors and countermeasures are highlighted in this year’s campaign. Driver behavior contributes to 94% of all traffic crashes, according to NHTSA, meaning nearly all crashes are preventable. 

Access the Drive Safely Work Week™ toolkit!

REFERENCES FOR DSWW 2016:

Why Invest Time in Road Safety Education in the Workplace?

1. NETS, Cost of Motor Vehicle Crashes to Employers 2015™, January 2016 https://trafficsafety.org/cost-of-crashes-to-employers

Day 1:  Campaign Manager Planning Sheets

1. NHTSA, 2016 http://www.nhtsa.gov/About+NHTSA/Press+Releases/nhtsa-sees-roadway-deaths-increasing-02052016

Day 1:  Employee Information Sheets: Drowsy, Distracted, or Focused…Your Decisions Drive Your Safety

1. NHTSA, 2016 http://www.nhtsa.gov/About+NHTSA/Press+Releases/nhtsa-sees-roadway-deaths-increasing-02052016
2. Tefft BC. “Prevalence of motor vehicle crashes involving drowsy drivers, U.S. 2009-2013.” AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. November, 2014:1–8
3. U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Safety Administration. “Distracted Driving 2014.” April, 2016. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812260
4. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Highways Loss Data Institute. “Alcohol-impaired driving.” February, 2016. http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/impaired-driving/fatalityfacts/impaired-driving/2015
5. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. “2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index.” February, 2016. https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/files/2015_TSCI.pdf
6. National Transportation Safety Board. “The Use of Forward Collision Avoidance Systems to Prevent and Mitigate Rear-End Crashes.” May, 2015. http://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-studies/Documents/SIR1501.pdf
7. Kahane CJ. Fatality reduction by safety belts for front-seat occupants of cars and light trucks: updated and expanded estimates based on 1986-99 FARS data. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2000. Publication no. DOT-HS-809-199. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/809199.PDF
8. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. “AAA Traffic Safety Culture Index 2007-2015.” https://www.aaa.foundation.org/safety-culture
9. Giedd, J. N., et al. “Brain development during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study.” Nature Neuroscience 2 (1999): 861-863.
10. Fatima, Batool, Naureen Munawar, and Samira Arshad. “Type-A Behavior and Traffic Accidents.” Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi.

Day 2: Campaign Manager Planning Sheets: It’s Time to Change How We View Sleep

1. Garbarino S, Guglielmi O, Sanna A, Mancardi GL, Magnavita N. Risk of occupational accidents in workers with obstructive sleep apnea: systematic review and meta-analysis. SLEEP 2016;39(6):1211–1218.
2. Dr. Foldvary-Schaefer, Director of Cleveland Clinic’s Sleep Disorders Center
3. Harvard Medical School & McKinsey Company. The price of fatigue: The surprising economic costs of unmanaged sleep apnea; December 2010.
4. Society for Human Research Management 2016 Employee Benefits Report
5. Mattke S, Liu H, Caloyeras JP, Huang CY, Van Busum KR, Khodyakov D, and Shier V, Workplace Wellness Programs Study: Final Report, Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corporation, RR-254-DOL
6. Employee Benefit News. Why sleep is crucial to any wellness plan; April 15, 2014. Accessed May 27, 2016. benefitnews.com/news/why-sleep-is-crucial-to-any-wellness-plan-2740744-1.html
7. Nick van Dam and Els van der Helm. There’s a Proven Link Between Effective Leadership and Getting Enough Sleep, Harvard Business Review, 2016. https://hbr.org/2016/02/theres-a-proven-link-between-effective-leadership-and-getting-enough-sleep
8. Claudio Feser, Fernanda Mayol and Ramesh Srinivasan, Decoding leadership: What really matters, McKinsey Quarterly, Jan. 2015 http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/the-organizational-cost-of-insufficient-sleep
9. Ibid
10. Murray W. Johns. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Sleep, 1991; 14 (6): 540-545

Day 2:  Employee Information Sheets: First Things First. Are You Getting Enough Sleep?

1. “Waking Up to the Sleep Problem Every Employer is Facing.” GCC Insights (2014): 9.
2. Ibid
3. Mullington, Janet M., Norah S. Simpson, Hans K. Meier-Ewert, and Monika Haack. “Sleep Loss and Inflammation.” Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24, no. 5 (October 24, 2010). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548567/
4. Uppsala Universitet. “Sleep to protect your brain.” ScienceDaily. (December 31, 2013). www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131231122123.htm
5. Cohen, Sheldon, William J. Doyle, Cuneyt M. Alper, Denise Janicki-Deverts, and Ronald B. Turner. “Sleep Habits and Susceptibility to the Common Cold.” Archives of Internal Medicine 169, no. 1 (January 12, 2009). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629403
6. American Academy of Sleep Medicine
7. Brittany Wood, Mark S. Rea, Barbara Plitnick, Mariana G. Figueiro. “Light level and duration of exposure determine the impact of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression.” Applied Ergonomics,  2013, Volume 44, No. 2, pp. 237-240. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687012001159)
8. National Sleep Foundation. Sleepy Connected Americans, Annual Sleep in America Poll Exploring Connections with Communications Technology Use and Sleep. 2011. https://sleepfoundation.org/media-center/press-release/annual-sleep-america-poll-exploring-connections-communications-technology-use-
9. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Recharge with Sleep: Pediatric Sleep Recommendations Promoting Our Health. 2016. http://www.aasmnet.org/articles.aspx?id=6326

Day 3: Campaign Manager Planning Sheets: Wake Up Call: Any of Your Employees Could Be at Risk for Drowsy Driving

-No references for this document-

Day 3: Employee Information Sheets:  Wake Up Call: Anyone Could Be at Risk for Drowsy Driving

1. Presentation, Drowsy Driving: Challenges and Opportunities, June 2016, Dr. Mark Rosekind, NHTSA Administrator
2. 2 Stutts, J. C., Wilkins, J.W., Osberg, J. S.,Vaughn, B.V. (2003) Driver risk factors for sleep-related crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention
3. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index (Feb. 2016)
4. NHTSA: Wake Up and Get Some Sleep campaign, 2000.
5. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, (Nov. 2010) Asleep at the Wheel: The Prevalence and Impact of Drowsy Driving
6. Thayer, Robert PhD, The Origin of Everyday Moods: Managing Energy, Tension, and Stress, 1996
7. Williamson, A.M. and Feyer, Anne-Marie, Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2000, Volume 57, No. 10, pp. 649-55.
8. Ibid
9. University of Strasbourg’s Centre of Neurocognitive and Neurophysiological Investigations, July 2013 http://fondation.vinci-autoroutes.com/fr/system/files/pdf/2013/07/pr_vinci_autoroutes_foundation_cruise_control_and_speed_limiters_impact_.pdf

Day 4: Campaign Manager Planning Sheets: Protecting Your People. And Your Business.

1. Aegis Mobility white paper:  Employee Distracted Driving– Understanding Your Business Risk and Liability, 2013.  See document for specific case citations- http://www.aegismobility.com/distracted-driving/images/research/whitepapers/Distracted-Driving-Business-Risk-White-Paper-Aegis-Mobility.pdf

Day 4:  Employee Information Sheets:  Dial In To the Task At Hand… Driving

1. National Center for Statistics and Analysis. (2016, April). Distracted driving 2014 (Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 260). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
2. National Safety Council. Annual Estimate of Cell Phone Crashes 2013. 2015, pp. 1-4. http://www.nsc.org/DistractedDrivingDocuments/Attributable-Risk-Estimate.pdf
3. Strayer, D.L.; Drews, F.A.; and Johnston, W.A. 2003. Cell phone-induced failures of visual attention during simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied 9(1):23-32
4. Caird, J.K.; Willness, C.R.; Steel, P.; and Scialfa, C. 2008. A meta-analysis of the effects of cell phones on driver performance. Accident Analysis and Prevention 40(4):1282-93.
5. Horrey, W.J. and Wickens, C.D. 2006. Examining the impact of cell phone conversations on driving using Meta analytic techniques. Human Factors 48(1):196-205.
6. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index. February, 2016, pp. 1-35. https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/files/2015_TSCI.pdf
7. David L. Strayer, Joel M. Cooper, Jonna Turrill, James R. Coleman, and Rachel J. Hopman. Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile III: A Comparison of Ten 2015 In-Vehicle Information Systems, AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, October 2015, pp. 1-47. https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/files/strayerIII_FINALREPORT.pdf
8. David L. Strayer, Jonna Turrill, James R. Coleman, Emily V. Ortiz, & Joel M. Cooper. Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile II: Assessing In-Vehicle Voice-Based Interactive Technologies, AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, October 2014, pp. 1-44. http://publicaffairsresources.aaa.biz/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/1-AAAFTS-Phase-2-Report-FINAL-10.3.2014.pdf
9. Erie Insurance. Erie Insurance Analysis Reveals Drivers are “Double Distracted” —Snapping Scenic Pics and Posting to Social Media—All #WhileDriving, 2016. https://www.erieinsurance.com/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/2016/double-distracted-drivers
10. David Zuby, Chief Research Officer, IIHS, Presentation at NETS’ STRENGTH IN NUMBERS^® Benchmark Conference, October 14, 2015
11. IHS Automotive. Average Age of Light Vehicles in the U.S. Rises Slightly in 2015 to 11.5 years, IHS Reports, 2015. http://press.ihs.com/press-release/automotive/average-age-light-vehicles-us-rises-Slightly-2015-115-years-ihs-reports
12. Cher Carney, Dan McGehee, Karisa Harland, Madonna Weiss, and Mireille Raby. Using Naturalistic Driving Data to Assess the Prevalence of Environmental Factors and Driver Behaviors in Teen Driver Crashes, March 2015, 1-71. https://www.aaafoundation.org/sites/default/files/2015TeenCrashCausationReport.pdf
13. Gallatin v. Gargiulo, PICS No. 16-0520 (C.P. Lawrence Co. March 9, 2016) Hodge, J., Kubert v. Best, No. A-1128-12T4 (N.J. Super. Ct. 2013) http://www.thelegalintelligencer.com/id=1202757558057/Expansion-of-Negligence-Liability-to-Text-Senders-Untenable?slreturn=20160715140619

Day 5: Campaign Manager Planning Sheets:  Break a habit. Make a habit.

1. Farmer, Charles M., Relationship of Traffic Fatality Rates to Maximum State Speed Limits, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, April 2016
2. NETS, Cost of Motor Vehicle Crashes to Employers 2015™, January 2016  https://trafficsafety.org/cost-of-crashes-to-employers
3. Ibid
4. Pickrell, T. M., & Li, R. (2016, February). Seat Belt Use in 2015—Overall Results (Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. Report No. DOT HS 812 243). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Day 5: Employee Information Sheet: Slow Down. Speed Matters.

1. IIHS Fatality Facts, February 2016, http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/general-statistics/fatalityfacts/overview-of-fatality-facts
2. Waltz, F. H., Hoefliger, M. and Fehlmann, W. (1983) Speed limit reduction from 60 to 50 km/h and pedestrian injuries. Proceedings of the Twenty Seventh Stapp Car Crash Conference, pp. 277–285.
3. Kloeden CN, McLean AJ, Moore VM, and Ponte G (1997) Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement, NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, The University of Adelaide.
4. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. (2016). 2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index.
   Washington, DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
5. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. (2016). Speeding, AAA Exchange. http://exchange.aaa.com/safety/roadway-safety/speeding/#.V4PwqvkrJD8
6. Svenson, O., 2008. Decisions Among Time Saving Options: When Intuition Is Strong And Wrong. Acta Psychol. 127, 501–509. Svenson, O., 2009. Driving speed changes and subjective estimates of time savings, accident risks and braking. Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 23, 543–560.

Day 5: Employee Information Sheet: Buckle Up.  Every Time.

1. Progressive Insurance, 2002, https://www.progressive.com/newsroom/article/2002/may/fivemiles/
2. NHTSA website
3. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Lives saved in 2014 by restraint use and minimum-drinking-age laws. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015. Publication no. DOT-HS-812-218. Available at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812218.pdf
4. Durbin, Dennis R.; Jermakian, Jessica S.; Kallan, Michael J.; McCartt, Anne T.; Arbogast, Kristy B.; Zonfrillo, Mark R.; Myers, Rachel K. Rear seat safety: variation in protection by occupant, crash and vehicle characteristics, Accident Analysis and Prevention July 2015